How to Choose a VPS Operating System: A Practical Guide

When you deploy a self-managed VPS, the operating system you choose shapes everything that follows: how you install software, how you secure your server, and how comfortable you feel managing it. Unlike shared hosting where the provider makes this decision for you, VPS hosting puts you in control.

At AFRICLOUD, we offer 18 operating system templates across Linux, FreeBSD, and Windows Server. This guide explains the practical differences between them, so you can choose based on your actual needs rather than habit or hearsay.

Understanding the OS Families

Before comparing individual distributions, it helps to understand the three main families of operating systems available for VPS hosting.

RHEL-Compatible Linux

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is the standard for enterprise servers, but it requires a paid subscription. Several community distributions offer binary compatibility with RHEL, giving you the same stability and long support cycles without licensing costs. AFRICLOUD offers three RHEL-compatible options:

• AlmaLinux - Community-driven, founded after CentOS shifted to Stream
• Rocky Linux - Founded by the original CentOS creator
• Oracle Linux - Oracle's free RHEL-compatible distribution

All three use the RPM package manager, support the same enterprise software, and offer 10-year support cycles. For most users, the differences are philosophical rather than technical.

Debian-Based Linux

Debian and its derivatives prioritise stability and a massive software repository. The APT package manager is considered more user-friendly than RPM, and the community documentation is extensive.

• Debian - The original, known for rock-solid stability
• Ubuntu Server - Based on Debian with more frequent updates and commercial backing from Canonical

If you learned Linux on Ubuntu or follow tutorials that assume APT commands, staying in the Debian family reduces friction.

Other Options

For specific use cases, we also offer:

• Fedora - Cutting-edge Linux with the latest packages (good for development)
• openSUSE Leap - Enterprise-grade with excellent YaST administration tools
• FreeBSD - Not Linux, but a Unix system prized for networking and security
• Windows Server - For .NET applications, Active Directory, or Windows-specific workloads

Comparing RHEL-Compatible Distributions

If you need enterprise Linux without enterprise costs, you have three excellent choices. Here is how they differ in practice.

AlmaLinux

AFRICLOUD offers AlmaLinux in several versions:

• AlmaLinux 10 Latest
• AlmaLinux 9 Latest
• AlmaLinux 8 Minimal
• AlmaLinux Kitten 10 (development preview)

AlmaLinux emerged in 2021 when Red Hat announced CentOS would become a rolling release. The AlmaLinux OS Foundation, backed by CloudLinux, committed to maintaining a free, community-owned RHEL alternative. It has gained strong adoption in the hosting industry.

Choose AlmaLinux if: You want the broadest community support among RHEL alternatives, or you are migrating from CentOS 8.

Rocky Linux

Available versions at AFRICLOUD:

• Rocky Linux 10 Latest
• Rocky Linux 9 Minimal
• Rocky Linux 8 Minimal

Rocky Linux was founded by Gregory Kurtzer, who also created CentOS. The project explicitly aims to be a production-ready downstream build of RHEL, just as CentOS was before the Stream transition.

Choose Rocky Linux if: You were a CentOS user and want the closest spiritual successor, or you prefer a project with deep roots in the original CentOS community.

Oracle Linux

Available at AFRICLOUD:

• Oracle Linux 9 Minimal

Oracle has offered a free RHEL-compatible distribution since 2006. It includes Oracle's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) as an option, which some benchmarks show outperforms the standard RHEL kernel for certain workloads.

Choose Oracle Linux if: You run Oracle databases, use Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, or want to evaluate the UEK kernel.

The Practical Verdict

For most VPS workloads, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux are interchangeable. Pick one and move on. The decision matters far less than learning to manage your server well. If you have no preference, AlmaLinux 9 Latest is a sensible default with active community support and documentation.

Comparing Debian-Based Distributions

The Debian family offers a different philosophy: stability through careful package curation rather than enterprise certification.

Debian

Available at AFRICLOUD:

• Debian 12 (Bookworm) Minimal
• Debian 11 (Bullseye) Minimal

Debian stable releases are famously conservative. Packages are thoroughly tested before inclusion, which means you get older but reliable software. Security updates are prompt, but feature updates wait for the next major release (roughly every two years).

Choose Debian if: You value stability over new features, run production workloads that should not change unexpectedly, or prefer a purely community-driven project without commercial backing.

Ubuntu Server

Available at AFRICLOUD:

• Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) Minimal
• Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) Minimal

Ubuntu LTS releases offer five years of standard support, with optional extended security maintenance. Ubuntu tends to include newer packages than Debian stable while still being production-ready. Canonical's commercial support and the enormous Ubuntu community mean that most Linux tutorials assume Ubuntu.

Choose Ubuntu Server if: You follow online tutorials frequently, need newer software packages, or want the option of commercial support from Canonical.

The Practical Verdict

Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS is the most beginner-friendly choice. The documentation is extensive, the community is large, and most how-to guides assume Ubuntu. Debian is equally capable but assumes more Linux experience.

Specialty Operating Systems

Beyond the mainstream choices, several operating systems serve specific needs.

Fedora

Available at AFRICLOUD:

• Fedora 42 Minimal
• Fedora 41 Minimal

Fedora is Red Hat's community distribution where new technologies are tested before reaching RHEL. It uses the latest kernel, newest packages, and adopts technologies early (Fedora pioneered systemd, Wayland, and PipeWire).

Choose Fedora if: You need cutting-edge packages for development, want to test software against upcoming RHEL features, or prefer having the latest versions of everything.

Avoid Fedora if: You need long-term stability. Fedora releases are supported for approximately 13 months, requiring frequent upgrades.

openSUSE Leap

Available at AFRICLOUD:

• openSUSE Leap 15 Minimal

openSUSE Leap shares its core with SUSE Linux Enterprise, giving it enterprise-grade stability. The YaST configuration tool provides a unified interface for system administration, which some administrators prefer to editing configuration files directly.

Choose openSUSE if: You have SUSE experience, appreciate YaST, or work in an environment that uses SUSE Linux Enterprise.

FreeBSD

Available at AFRICLOUD:

• FreeBSD 14.2 Minimal

FreeBSD is not Linux. It is a complete Unix operating system with its own kernel, userland, and philosophy. FreeBSD excels at networking (it powered early Netflix streaming), storage (ZFS is a first-class citizen), and security (jails predate Linux containers).

Choose FreeBSD if: You need advanced networking features, want native ZFS support, run a firewall or router, or simply prefer BSD to Linux.

Avoid FreeBSD if: You rely heavily on Linux-specific software, follow Linux tutorials, or need broad hardware compatibility.

Windows Server (BYOL)

AFRICLOUD offers Windows Server on a Bring Your Own Licence (BYOL) basis:

• Windows Server 2019 Standard
• Windows Server 2022 Standard
• Windows Server 2025 Standard

You must provide your own valid Windows Server licence. This is outlined in our legal terms. BYOL is common among hosting providers because Microsoft licensing is complex and varies by region.

Choose Windows Server if: You run ASP.NET or .NET Core applications that require Windows, need Active Directory, use Windows-specific software like Microsoft SQL Server, or your team only knows Windows administration.

Consider Linux instead if: You run general web applications. Most web frameworks (PHP, Python, Node.js, Ruby, Go) run better on Linux with lower resource overhead.

Decision Matrix: Which OS for Which Use Case

Here is a practical guide based on common VPS workloads:

AFRICLOUD Advantages for OS Updates

Whichever operating system you choose, keeping it updated is essential for security and stability. AFRICLOUD offers two advantages that make updates faster for users in Africa and South America.

Local Software Mirror

Our public software mirror at mirror.africloud.com hosts AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, Ubuntu, and Debian repositories. When you configure your VPS to use our mirror, package downloads come from our Lisbon data centre rather than distant servers, dramatically reducing update times.

For a typical system update that downloads 200 MB of packages, using a local mirror can reduce download time from several minutes to under a minute. Over the lifetime of a server, this adds up.

Strategic Data Centre Locations

Our VPS servers run in Lisbon (Portugal) and Johannesburg (South Africa). Lisbon connects to major European internet exchanges and submarine cables serving West Africa, North Africa, and Brazil. Johannesburg connects to NAP Africa and serves Southern and East Africa.

This matters for OS updates because your server downloads packages from the nearest mirror. A VPS in Lisbon updating from European mirrors experiences lower latency than one routing through distant continents.

After You Choose: First Steps

Once you deploy your VPS with your chosen operating system, a few initial steps apply regardless of which OS you selected:

1. Update immediately - Run system updates before installing anything else
2. Configure a firewall - UFW on Ubuntu/Debian, firewalld on RHEL-compatible systems, pf on FreeBSD
3. Secure SSH access - Disable password authentication, use SSH keys, consider changing the default port
4. Set up automatic security updates - Unattended upgrades on Debian/Ubuntu, dnf-automatic on RHEL-compatible systems

If you are new to VPS management, our guide on migrating to VPS covers these steps in detail.

Conclusion

The best operating system for your VPS is the one you can manage confidently. For most users deploying web applications, Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS or AlmaLinux 9 will serve well. Both have excellent documentation, long support cycles, and broad software compatibility.

If you are unsure, start with Ubuntu. Its enormous community means that whatever problem you encounter, someone has written about solving it. As you gain experience, you can explore other distributions based on specific needs.

Ready to deploy? Order your VPS and select from our 18 operating system templates. All plans include the same OS options, so you can choose based on your needs rather than your budget.